Pukaaniani Sapphire no ka umu wela wela
I ka wā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka umu ahi a me nā keʻena hau, e hoʻokau ʻia ka puka aniani viewport i ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a me ka wela hana kiʻekiʻe.I mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka palekana o nā mea hoʻokolohua, pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pukaaniani viewport, hilinaʻi, kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe-mehana, loaʻa pū kekahi mau waiwai optical maikaʻi.ʻO ka sapphire synthetic kahi mea kūpono e like me ka puka aniani ʻike.
Loaʻa iā Sapphire ka maikaʻi o kona ikaika ikaika: hiki iā ia ke pale i ke kaomi ma mua o ka haki ʻana.Loaʻa i ka Sapphire ka ikaika kaomi ma kahi o 2 GPa.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, he 250 MPa ka ikaika o ke kila (aneane 8 mau manawa ma mua o ka sapphire) a me ke aniani gorilla (™) he 900 MPa (emi iho ma mua o ka hapalua o ka sapphire).ʻO Sapphire, ʻo ia hoʻi, loaʻa nā waiwai kemika maikaʻi loa a ʻaʻole inert no nā mea kemika a pau, no laila kūpono ia i kahi e loaʻa ai nā mea corrosive.He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, 25 W m'(-1) K^(-1), a me kahi mea hoʻonui haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o 5.8 × 10^6/C: ʻaʻohe deformation a hoʻonui paha i nā kūlana wela ma ke kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe paha. nā mahana wela.ʻO nā mea a pau āu i hoʻolālā ai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia i ka nui like a me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana ma 100 mika ma lalo o ke kai a i ʻole 40K i ka orbit.
Ua hoʻohana mākou i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona o ka ikaika a me nā puka makani pale i nā noi mea kūʻai aku, me nā keʻena vacuum a me nā umu wela wela.
ʻO ka puka makani Sapphire no ka umu ahi he maikaʻi loa ka hoʻouna ʻana ma ka 300nm a 5500nm (e uhi ana i ka ultraviolet, ʻike ʻia a me nā wahi infrared) a me nā kiʻekiʻe ma ka hoʻouna ʻana ma kahi o 90% ma 300 nm a 500 nm mau hawewe.ʻO Sapphire kahi mea hoʻopololei pālua, no laila e hilinaʻi ʻia ka nui o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona i ke ʻano aniani.Ma kona axis maʻamau, ʻo kāna helu helu refractive mai 1.796 ma 350nm a i 1.761 ma 750nm, a inā paha e loli nui ka mahana, liʻiliʻi loa ia.Ma muli o kāna lawe māmā maikaʻi a me ka laulā hawewe ākea, hoʻohana pinepine mākou i ka puka aniani sapphire i nā hoʻolālā lens infrared i nā umu ke kūpono ʻole nā aniani maʻamau.
Eia ke ʻano helu helu ʻike o ka mānoanoa no ka pukaaniani puka sapphire viewport:
Th=√( 1.1 x P x r² x SF/MR)
ma hea:
Th=Ka mānoanoa o ka pukaaniani(mm)
P = Pumi hoʻohana hoʻolālā (PSI),
r = radius kākoʻo ʻole ʻia (mm),
SF = Mea palekana (4 a 6) (i manaʻo ʻia, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā kumu ʻē aʻe),
MR = Modulus of rupture (PSI).Sapphire e like me 65000PSI
No ka laʻana, ʻo ka puka makani Sapphire me ke anawaena 100 mm a me ka radius i kākoʻo ʻole ʻia he 45 mm i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ke kaiapuni me ka ʻokoʻa Pressure o 5 ea e loaʻa ka mānoanoa o ~3.5mm (mea palekana 5).
